Showing posts with label P. Show all posts
Showing posts with label P. Show all posts
P-value
The probability to get a deviation from what is indicated by the null hypothesis in the direction of the alternative hypothesis which is equally big or bigger than the one we have actually obtained. The significance level on which it is possible to reject the null hypothesis in favour of the alternative hypothesis.
Pure error
Pure error is the reproducibility of the response, at constant values of the independent variables.
Product
The output of a process. It can be hardware goods with their associated services or stand alone services.
Process/Design Owner
The individual that is responsible for maintaining the controls or implementing the design after project completion by the Black Belt.
Process
An activity or series of activites transforming inputs to outputs for the coustomer in a repetitive flow.
Value created for a customer.
Value created for a customer.
Process Performance Measurement
Process performance should preferably be expressed in dpmo value(long term) or sigma value(short term). Alternatively, process performance can be expressed in Cp or Cpk.
Process Performance
The accumulated performance of characteristics of a process or product. Variation is an excellent measurement for process performance, as most characteristics can be included and expressed in one clear number.
Process Control
Process is said to be in control or it is a stable, predictable process if all special causes of variation have been removed. Only common causes or natural variation remains i the process.
Process Capability Indices(Cp and Cpk)
A standardised measurement on the short-term process performance of a process is Cp, nornally equated to six standard deviations of the dispersion ; Cp = (USL-LSL) / 6
The long term process performance, Cpk, has a similar ratio to that of Cp except that this ratio considers the shift of the mean relative to the target value ; Cpk = min{(USL-T) / 3 , (T-LSL) / 3
The long term process performance, Cpk, has a similar ratio to that of Cp except that this ratio considers the shift of the mean relative to the target value ; Cpk = min{(USL-T) / 3 , (T-LSL) / 3
Process Capability
Process capability refers to the ability of a process to produce a defect-free product or service in a controlled manner of production or service environment. Various indicators are used-some address overall performance, some address potential performance.
Process
A series of steps or actions that lead to a desired result or output.
A set of common tasks that creates a product, service, process, or plan that will satisfy a customer or group of customers.
A sequential series of steps leading to a desired outcome.
Processes are largely affected by one or more of the following factors:
a) personnel who operate the processes;
b) materials which are used as inputs (including information);
c) machines or equipment being used in the process (in process execution or monitoring/measurement;
d) methods (including criteria and various documentations used along the process);
e) work environment
Understanding how these factors interact and affect processes is a key consideration in process studes.
A set of common tasks that creates a product, service, process, or plan that will satisfy a customer or group of customers.
A sequential series of steps leading to a desired outcome.
Processes are largely affected by one or more of the following factors:
a) personnel who operate the processes;
b) materials which are used as inputs (including information);
c) machines or equipment being used in the process (in process execution or monitoring/measurement;
d) methods (including criteria and various documentations used along the process);
e) work environment
Understanding how these factors interact and affect processes is a key consideration in process studes.
probability
a measure of the likelihood of a given event occuring. It is a measure that takes on values between 0 and 1 inclusive, with 1 being the certain event and 0 meaning that there is relatively no chance at all of the event occuring. How probabilities are assigned is another matter. The relative frequency approach to assigning probabilities is one of the most common.
Probability of Defect
Probability of defect is the statistical chance that a product or process will not meet performance specifications or lie within the defined upper and lower specification limits. It is the ratio of expected defects to the total output.
probability distribution
the assignment of probabilities to all of the possible outcomes from an experiment. This assignment is usually portrayed by way of a table, graph, or formula.
Probability density function(PDF)
A mathematical function that can model the probability density rlected in a histogram.
Probability
Probability refers to the chance of something happening, or the fraction of occurrences over a large number of trials. Probability can range from 0 (no chance) to 1 (full certainty).
primary reference standard
for measurements: a standard maintained by the National Bureau of Standards for a particular measureing unit. The primary reference standard duplicates as nearly as possible the international standard and is used to calibrate other(transfer) standards, which in turn are used to calibrate measuring instruments for industrial use.
pre-control
a method of controlling a process based on the specification limits. It is used to prevent the manufacture of defective units, but does not work toward minimizing variation of the process. The area between the specifications are split into zones(green, yellow and red) and adjustments made when a specified number of points fall in the yellow or red zones.
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