exponetial distribution

a probability distribution mathematically described by an exponential function. Used to describe the probability that a product survives a length of time t in service, under the assumption that the probability of a product failing in any small time interval is independent of time.

experimental design

purposeful change to the inputs(factors) of a process in order to observe corresponding changes in the outputs(responses).

Experiment

It is an activity or process that is capable of generating two or more possible outcomes.

Exit Criteria

A predefined set of conditions used as a *Process Control* mechanism, to verify that a *Process* or sub-process has been completed and that its products are of acceptable *Quality*.

Exit Criteria prevent the delivery of "Garbage Out" to downstream users of the products.

Exhaustive

The term usually refers to the classes of a frequency distribution or histogram.  It means that, for every data value in the data set, there is a class into which that data value falls.

Evolutionary operation

An analytical approach where process conditions are changed structurally in a manufacturing process for the purpose of analytically determining changes to make for product improvement.

Event

Any possible subset of the totality of basic outcomes from an experiment.

Evaluation Activities

Activities which provide for measurements and data collection required for project.

Estimation

An approach to making inferences about population parameters.  This includes both point estimates and interval estimates(confidence intervals).

Error (Type II)

Error that concludes that someone is not guilty, when in fact, they really are. (Ha true, but I concluded Ho). BETA

Accept an hypothesis or statement as true when it is false: Ho is false, but I conclude Ho is true. Error that concludes that someone is not guilty, when in fact, he or she really is. (accept Ho as true, beeing false, when Ha is true).

A failed alarm is a Type II error

BETA is the probabilty of error type II

Error (Type I)

Error that concludes that someone is guilty, when in fact, they really are not. (Ho true, but I rejected it--concluded Ha) ALPHA

Error

Error, also called residual error, refers to variation in observations made under identical test conditions, or the amount of variation that can not be attributed to the variables included in the experiment.

Erroneous

As defined by 'Harbour (2002)' an econometric technique that is purposely executed incorrectly to establish the consequences of poor technique. Or, it is simply an excuse for the statistician (econometrician) that makes a mistake, who could claim that he/she is simply looking to see what the consequences of erroneous behaviour is.

Entry Criteria

A predefined set of conditions used as a *Process Control* mechanism, to determine the cost-effectiveness of initiating a *Process* or sub-process.

Entry Criteria should be used to prevent the entry of "garbage" into a process, such as poor-*Quality* specifications or inadequate levels of prior work.

Entitlement

As good as a process can get without capital investment. Alt. A perceived "right to demand." Opposite of a gift, in that it is without appreciation. A "you owe me" obligation for which, I owe nothing in return.

Empowerment

A series of actions designed to give employees greater control over their working lives. Businesses give employees empowerment to motivate them according to the theories of Abraham Maslow and Fredrick Herzberg.

To invest with power or give authority to complete. To empower employees.

Empirical Rule

For data sets having a normal, bell-shaped distribution, the following properties apply:
"  About 68% of all values fall within 1 standard deviation of the mean
"  About 95% of all values fall within 2 standard deviation of the mean
"  About 99.7% of all values fall within 3 standard deviation of the mean.

Efficiency

A term denoting to the relationship between outputs and inputs. It requires generating higher outputs as related to inputs. It means enhancing productivity, i.e less rework, less errors and optimal use of resources.

A term indicating the optimization of productivity (measured outputs over measured inputs)typically stated on a 0-100% scale. To improve efficiency, the productivity ratio must be improved (the input to output ratio must be decreased). See definition of productivity.

Effect

The main effect of a factor in a two level factorial experiment is the mean difference in responses between the two levels of the factor, which is averaged over all levels of the other factors.